Covariance (fld, fld), Covariance (fld, fld, condFld), Covariance (fld, fld, condFld, cond)

Basic and Crystal syntax.

Arguments
Returns

Fractional Number

Action

Covariance is the measure of the linear relation between paired variables (that is, the tendency of two fields to vary together). Fields are covariant when they vary according to a specific mathematical relationship. The circumference of a circle and the radius of a circle are covariant.

Examples

The following examples are applicable to both Basic and Crystal syntax:

Covariance({table.FIELD1}, {table.FIELD2})

Calculates the covariance of the two fields and returns the covariance as a fractional number.

Note:    Using this function in a formula forces the formula to be evaluated at print time.

For more information on evaluation time considerations, see Evaluation Time functions.

Comments

Covariance is calculated using the following technique:



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